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GREGORY v. ASHCROFT
Supreme Court of United States (1991) | 501 U.S. 452; 111 S.Ct. 2395; 115 L.Ed.2d 410
TL;DR: The Supreme Court held that a Missouri law requiring state judges to retire at 70 did not violate the federal Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA), establishing a "plain statement rule" to protect state sovereignty from ambiguous federal intrusion into core state functions.
Legal Significance: This case established a significant federalism-based clear statement rule: if Congress intends to alter the constitutional balance between states and the federal government by regulating core state functions, such as qualifications for officials, it must make its intention unmistakably clear in the statute's text.