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Thornburg v. Gingles
Supreme Court of the United States (1986) | 92 L. Ed. 2d 25; 106 S. Ct. 2752; 478 U.S. 30; 1986 U.S. LEXIS 121; 54 U.S.L.W. 4877; 4 Fed. R. Serv. 3d 1082
TL;DR: The Supreme Court established a three-part test for proving racial vote dilution under § 2 of the Voting Rights Act, focusing on minority group size, political cohesiveness, and racially polarized voting, thereby clarifying the "results test" enacted by Congress.
Legal Significance: Established the seminal three-part framework (the "Gingles test") for analyzing vote dilution claims under § 2 of the Voting Rights Act, shifting the focus from discriminatory intent to discriminatory results and defining the key concept of "racially polarized voting."