Case Citation
Legal Case Name

Hymowitz v. Eli Lilly & Co. Case Brief

New York Court of Appeals1989Docket #62042939
73 N.Y.2d 487 539 N.E.2d 1069 541 N.Y.S.2d 941 1989 N.Y. LEXIS 389 Torts Products Liability Constitutional Law

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Case Brief Summary & Legal Analysis

General Brief
4 min read

tl;dr: When plaintiffs injured by the generic drug DES could not identify the specific manufacturer, the court created a “market share liability” theory. This holds manufacturers severally liable based on their national market share, even if they can prove they did not make the specific pill that caused the harm.

Legal Significance: Established New York’s unique market share liability doctrine for DES cases. This theory bases liability on the overall risk a manufacturer created to the public, severing the traditional tort requirement of proving direct causation-in-fact for a specific plaintiff’s injury.

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Case Facts & Court Holding

Key Facts & Case Background

Plaintiffs were women injured by in utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES), a synthetic estrogen prescribed to their mothers to prevent miscarriages. DES was a fungible, generically marketed drug produced by approximately 300 different companies between 1947 and 1971. Due to the identical chemical composition of the drug, the passage of many years, the loss of records, and the large number of manufacturers, it was a “practical impossibility” for plaintiffs to identify the specific manufacturer of the DES their mothers had ingested. Defendants, various DES manufacturers, moved for summary judgment, arguing that the plaintiffs’ inability to prove causation by identifying the specific tortfeasor was fatal to their products liability claims. The cases arose after the New York Legislature enacted a statute reviving DES claims that had previously been barred by the statute of limitations, creating a large volume of cases facing this identification problem.

Court Holding & Legal Precedent

Issue: When a plaintiff injured by DES cannot identify the specific manufacturer of the drug, may the plaintiff recover by holding a defendant liable for its share of the national market, even if that defendant can prove it did not produce the particular drug the plaintiff’s mother ingested?

Yes. The court adopted a national market share theory of liability for Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,

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IRAC Legal Analysis

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Legal Issue

When a plaintiff injured by DES cannot identify the specific manufacturer of the drug, may the plaintiff recover by holding a defendant liable for its share of the national market, even if that defendant can prove it did not produce the particular drug the plaintiff’s mother ingested?

Conclusion

Hymowitz established a groundbreaking, policy-driven exception to the traditional tort principle of Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in repre

Legal Rule

In cases involving injuries caused by DES where the specific manufacturer cannot Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non

Legal Analysis

The Court of Appeals began by concluding that existing tort doctrines were Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occa

Flash-to-Full Case Opinions

Flash Summary

  • Adopts a national market share theory for DES cases where the
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nu

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