Case Citation
Legal Case Name

Custis v. United States Case Brief

Supreme Court of the United States1994Docket #522147
128 L. Ed. 2d 517 114 S. Ct. 1732 511 U.S. 485 1994 U.S. LEXIS 3927 Criminal Procedure Federal Courts Constitutional Law

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Case Brief Summary & Legal Analysis

General Brief
4 min read

tl;dr: A defendant facing a sentence enhancement under the Armed Career Criminal Act (ACCA) cannot challenge the constitutional validity of prior state convictions during the federal sentencing hearing, unless he was completely denied a lawyer for those prior convictions.

Legal Significance: This case severely limits a defendant’s ability to collaterally attack prior convictions during federal sentencing, creating a narrow exception only for violations of the fundamental right to counsel established in Gideon v. Wainwright.

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Case Facts & Court Holding

Key Facts & Case Background

Petitioner Darren J. Custis was convicted in federal court for possession of a firearm by a felon. The government sought a mandatory minimum 15-year sentence under the Armed Career Criminal Act (ACCA), 18 U.S.C. § 924(e), based on three of Custis’s prior state felony convictions. At his federal sentencing hearing, Custis attempted to collaterally attack two of these prior convictions. He argued that his 1985 Maryland burglary conviction was invalid because he had received constitutionally ineffective assistance of counsel and his guilty plea was not knowing and intelligent as required by Boykin v. Alabama. He challenged his 1989 Maryland attempted burglary conviction on the grounds that his “stipulated facts” trial was tantamount to a guilty plea for which he was not adequately advised of his rights. The District Court ultimately ruled that it could not entertain these challenges to the prior convictions during the sentencing proceeding. The Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit affirmed, holding that the only permissible collateral attack was for a complete denial of counsel.

Court Holding & Legal Precedent

Issue: May a defendant in a federal sentencing proceeding collaterally attack the validity of prior state convictions used to enhance his sentence under the Armed Career Criminal Act?

No. The Court held that neither the ACCA nor the Constitution permits Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum do

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Legal Issue

May a defendant in a federal sentencing proceeding collaterally attack the validity of prior state convictions used to enhance his sentence under the Armed Career Criminal Act?

Conclusion

This decision significantly streamlines federal sentencing under recidivist statutes by foreclosing most Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris

Legal Rule

A defendant has no statutory or constitutional right to collaterally attack the Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate

Legal Analysis

The Court's analysis proceeded on two grounds: statutory interpretation and constitutional requirement. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit e

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Flash Summary

  • A defendant cannot collaterally attack prior convictions during a federal sentencing
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehe

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