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MARTIN v. OHIO
Supreme Court of United States (1987) | 480 U.S. 228; 107 S.Ct. 1098; 94 L.Ed.2d 267
TL;DR: A state can constitutionally require a defendant to prove the affirmative defense of self-defense. The Court held this does not violate due process so long as the state still bears the burden of proving every element of the underlying crime beyond a reasonable doubt.
Legal Significance: Affirmed state authority to define crimes and defenses, holding that placing the burden of proving self-defense on the defendant does not violate due process, provided the defense does not directly negate an element of the charged offense that the prosecution must prove.